Root Canal Treatment

Root canal treatment, also called endodontic treatment, treats problems in the soft tissue inside a tooth. This pulp contains nerves and blood vessels. When it is badly inflamed or infected, treatment can help preserve a tooth that can still be repaired. Learn more about how root canal treatment works.

A toothache does not always mean you need a root canal. An examination, tests of how the tooth responds, and X-rays help identify the cause. We discuss whether a filling, root canal treatment, or extraction is appropriate, and whether a specialist referral is needed. A dental abscess needs prompt assessment; our emergency dental care page explains urgent access.

Causes of Root Canal Problems

Signs You May Need a Root Canal

What to Expect During Treatment

Local anesthesia numbs the area, and a dental dam keeps the tooth isolated during treatment. Care may take one or more visits, depending on the tooth and infection. Ask about the expected appointments, including the final restoration, and fees for treatment and a filling or crown. Insurance coverage and out-of-pocket costs vary.

Through a small opening, the dentist removes the damaged pulp, cleans and shapes the root canals, then fills and seals them. A temporary filling may protect the tooth between appointments. A permanent filling or crown completes the restoration; the choice depends on the tooth's position and remaining structure.

After Your Root Canal

Mild tenderness can last a few days and should improve. Follow your dentist's medicine instructions, and avoid chewing on the tooth until it is fully restored. Contact the treating dentist for severe, worsening, or persistent pain, or swelling. Keep follow-up visits so healing and the restoration can be checked.